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Countries Ranked by R&D expenditure share of GDP (2023)

R&D expenditure share of GDP: each country's latest value (2018–2023), ranked from highest to lowest. Source: The World Bank (CC BY 4.0).

Summary

Israel ranks #1 with 6.35% of GDP. Liechtenstein is second with 6.01% of GDP, 5.6% behind. The top five are Israel, Liechtenstein, Korea, Rep., Sweden and United States. The median across all 119 is 0.601% of GDP; Guatemala is last at 0.0061% of GDP. Israel's figure has risen 98% since 1999 (3.21% of GDP to 6.35% of GDP in 2023).

#1
Israel · 6.35% of GDP
Median
0.601% of GDP
Coverage
119 countries
Data year
2023
Last updated
2026-11-14
Top 10: R&D expenditure share of GDPBar chart of the top 10: 1. Israel 6.35; 2. Liechtenstein 6.01; 3. Korea, Rep. 4.94; 4. Sweden 3.6; 5. United States 3.45; 6. Japan 3.44; 7. Belgium 3.27; 8. Austria 3.26; 9. Switzerland 3.22; 10. Germany 3.15.Israel6.35Liechtenstein6.01Korea, Rep.4.94Sweden3.6United States3.45Japan3.44Belgium3.27Austria3.26Switzerland3.22Germany3.15
Top 10: R&D expenditure share of GDP (% of GDP). Bar chart of the top 10: 1. Israel 6.35; 2. Liechtenstein 6.01; 3. Korea, Rep. 4.94; 4. Sweden 3.6; 5. United States 3.45; 6. Japan 3.44; 7. Belgium 3.27; 8. Austria 3.26; 9. Switzerland 3.22; 10. Germany 3.15.
R&D expenditure share of GDP over time, top 5Israel: 3.21 in 1999 to 6.35 in 2023; Korea, Rep.: 1.94 in 1999 to 4.94 in 2023; Sweden: 3.38 in 1999 to 3.6 in 2023; United States: 2.54 in 1999 to 3.45 in 2023.01.593.174.766.35199920112023IsraelKorea, Rep.SwedenUnited States
R&D expenditure share of GDP over time, top 5 (% of GDP). Israel: 3.21 in 1999 to 6.35 in 2023; Korea, Rep.: 1.94 in 1999 to 4.94 in 2023; Sweden: 3.38 in 1999 to 3.6 in 2023; United States: 2.54 in 1999 to 3.45 in 2023.

Full ranking

Countries Ranked by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2023
RankCountryR&D expenditure share of GDP (% of GDP)Year
1Israel6.352023
2Liechtenstein6.012023
3Korea, Rep.4.942023
4Sweden3.62023
5United States3.452023
6Japan3.442023
7Belgium3.272023
8Austria3.262023
9Switzerland3.222023
10Germany3.152023
11Finland3.092023
12Denmark3.052023
13United Kingdom2.682023
14Iceland2.642023
15China2.582023
16Netherlands2.272023
17France2.182023
18Slovenia2.132023
19Australia1.862021
20Norway1.852023
21Estonia1.842023
22Czechia1.832023
23Singapore1.812022
24Canada1.792024
25Portugal1.692023
26Ireland1.592023
27Poland1.562023
28New Zealand1.552023
29United Arab Emirates1.492021
30Greece1.492023
31Spain1.492023
32Türkiye1.422023
33Croatia1.392023
34Italy1.382023
35Hungary1.382023
36Brazil1.192023
37Hong Kong SAR, China1.132024
38Luxembourg1.072023
39Lithuania1.052023
40Slovak Republic1.032023
41Egypt, Arab Rep.1.022024
42Malaysia1.012022
43Serbia0.942024
44Russian Federation0.9372024
45Thailand0.9362023
46Latvia0.8242023
47Kenya0.8112024
48Bulgaria0.7922023
49Rwanda0.7812023
50Tunisia0.7472019
51Iran, Islamic Rep.0.7272021
52Uruguay0.7022023
53Cyprus0.6812023
54Qatar0.6812021
55Malta0.6482023
56Namibia0.6462022
57India0.6462020
58Saudi Arabia0.6352024
59South Africa0.6152022
60Argentina0.6012023
61Belarus0.5872024
62Romania0.5172023
63Algeria0.4442024
64Cuba0.4382024
65Uganda0.4382023
66Viet Nam0.4152023
67Chile0.3922022
68Oman0.392024
69Congo, Rep.0.3832022
70North Macedonia0.3742024
71Ukraine0.372024
72Montenegro0.3632019
73Costa Rica0.3372023
74Macao SAR, China0.3112024
75Colombia0.2892020
76Armenia0.2862024
77Nigeria0.2842019
78Indonesia0.2812020
79Brunei Darussalam0.2782018
80Philippines0.2762020
81Georgia0.2642024
82Mauritius0.2622024
83Mexico0.2542024
84Bermuda0.2252020
85Togo0.2222024
86Moldova0.2162024
87Bosnia and Herzegovina0.2142024
88Burundi0.2132018
89Azerbaijan0.2082024
90Albania0.22022
91Panama0.1972024
92Bahrain0.1932024
93Malawi0.1782019
94Peru0.1762023
95Pakistan0.1642023
96Kazakhstan0.1622024
97Andorra0.1582022
98Mali0.1472023
99Paraguay0.1412023
100Sri Lanka0.1052022

Showing the top 100 of 119. Premium downloads the full list as CSV or JSON.

About the top 10

#5 United States

United States ranks #5 on this list with 3.45% of GDP.

Capital
Washington, D.C.
Continent
North America
Income group
High income
Population
341.78 million people (2025)
GDP
US$30.77 trillion (2025)
GDP per person
US$90,027 (2025)
Life expectancy
78.9 years (2024)
Urban population
80.2% of population (2025)

Largest cities: New York metropolitan area, New York City, Chicago.

Also ranks #1 in gdp (current us$) · #1 in health expenditure per capita · #1 in imports of goods and services.

Full country profile Weather in New York (Purr Weather)

Profile facts: World Bank (CC BY 4.0) and Wikidata (CC0); weather links go to Purr Weather, another ChowChow Labs site.

Related rankings

Source and method

R&D expenditure share of GDP: each country's latest value (2018–2023), ranked from highest to lowest.

Source: The World Bank, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Retrieved: 2026-11-14.

The World Bank: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP): Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (via World Development Indicators)

Original data provider, as recorded by the World Bank: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Values are shown as published. Provider terms: The World Bank. All licences: Sources & licences.